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J. Moll. Stud. (1987), 53, 139-151
© The Malacological Society of London 1987

research-article

THE MANTLE MARGIN AND RADIAL MANTLE GLANDS OF ENTODESMA SAX1COLA AND E. INFLATA (BIVALVIA: ANOMALODESMATA: LYONSIIDAE).

BRIAN MORTON

Department of Zoology, The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong

Representatives of some families of the bivalve subclass Anomalodesmata, i.e., the Verticordiidae, Periplomatidae, Clavagellidae, Parilimyidae and Lyonsiidae possess arenophilic radial mantle glands which produce an adhesive that attaches sand grains and other detrital material to the periÓstracum. This may camouflage posterior regions of the shell and siphons.

Prezant (1979; 1981) described the structure of the radial mantle glands of the Lyonsiidae and concluded that in Entodesma the glands develop from the outer mantle fold and discharge their secretions through the periostracum. Morton (1985), disputes this, suggesting that as for other anomalodesmatans the gland develops in the middle fold and discharges its secretions onto the surface of the periostracum.

This is a study of Entodesma saxicola and E. inflata. Large specimens of E. saxicola had no glands. Detailed structure of the mantle margin shows fusion is of Type B, i.e., it involves the inner folds and the inner surfaces of the middle folds. The inner surfaces of the outer folds are greatly enlarged and convoluted, producing a thick, multi-layered, periostracum. The shell of E. inflata has numerous radial striae covered by sand grains. These are related to mantle glands. Each gland develops within a papilla of the middle fold. The latter pushes up through the inner surface of the outer fold, so that the impression of a "hole" in the periostracum is created. For a short distance around the papilla two surfaces secrete periostracum. The radial mantle gland discharges from the apex of the outer component of these two periostracal grooves, onto the surface of the periostracum. The situation in Entodesma, therefore, is precisely the same as for Lyonsia.

The sheath of the gland is derived from the middle fold. If the innermost cell of the periostracal groove is the end of the inner surface of the outer fold, then the gland too is derived from the middle fold. If, however, the gland is derived from the periostracal groove, then its origins are with the inner surface of the outer fold.

(Received 13 October 1986;
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