J. Moll. Stud. (2000), 66, 517-534
© The Malacological Society of London
2000
ONE SPECIES BECOMES TWO: THE CASE OF CHIONE CANCELLATA, THE RESURRECTED C. ELEVATA, AND A PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS OF CHIONE
2 Department of Geology, University of California Davis, Davis CA 95616 USA; 1 Department of Invertebrate Zoology & Geology, California Academy of Sciences, Golden Gate Park, San Francisco 94118-4599 USA, e-mail: proopnarine{at}calacademy.org/aff>
The common € tropical 
ß ß western Atlantic venerid bivalve,
Chione cancellata (Linnaeus), is revised on the basis of
morphological, morphometric and phylogenetic analyses of conchological
characters. Specimens inhabiting waters off the United States and
Central America south to Belize comprise a separate species, described
originally by Say as Chione elevata. The morphological and
morphometric examination of numerous samples of both species supports
the separation, pointing to differences of shell sculpture, hinge
morphology and relative size of the pallial cavity. Morphological
differences in sculpture suggest different functional characteristics
of the species. A phylogenetic analysis of all extant species of
Chione s.s. fails to resolve the relationship between
C. cancellata and C. elevata.
The parapatric separation of the two species reflects an
ancient division of the tropical/sub-tropical western Atlantic into
the northern Caloosahatchian Province and southern Atlantic Gatunian
Province. This division dates back to at least the Early Pliocene. The
fact that the differences between these two distinct species have been
overlooked by systematists for almost 200 years suggests that we
should re-examine western Atlantic species with broad geographic
distributions similar to that of C. cancellata. It also
suggests that we should pay closer attention to the taxonomy of
common, ubiquitous species.
(Received 17 November 1999; accepted 14 April 2000)
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