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Journal Molluscan Studies Advance Access originally published online on January 29, 2007
Journal of Molluscan Studies 2007 73(1):11-21; doi:10.1093/mollus/eyl027
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© The Author 2007. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Malacological Society of London, all rights reserved

Chance and necessity: land-snail faunas of São Miguel, Azores, compared with those of Madeira

R.A.D. Cameron1,2,, R.M.T. da Cunha3 and A.M. Frias Martins3

1 Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 4TN, UK; 2 Department of Zoology, The Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, UK; and 3 Departamento de Biologia, Universidade dos Açores, Rua de Mãe de Deus, Apartado1422, P-9502 Ponta Delgada, Azores, Portugal

Correspondence: R.A.D. Cameron; e-mail: r.cameron{at}sheffield.ac.uk


  Abstract

The land-snail faunas of 23 sites from forest, disturbed and open habitats were sampled on São Miguel, Azores archipelago. Collectively, the samples contained nearly all the known fauna of the island. Forest sites were the richest; while the number of non-endemic species differed little between habitats, forests held more endemic species, many of which were widely distributed. Open habitats have no unique endemic species. These results are compared with similar data from Madeira. Although the two islands are of the same size, and share the same Laurisilva forest cover, their faunas differ in important aspects of diversity. While many non-endemic species are common to both islands, and occur in similar numbers, endemic species are more numerous on Madeira, even though the numbers at individual forest sites are, on average, fewer than on São Miguel. Many endemics are confined to open, coastal habitats. These differences are discussed in terms of the islands' histories, the range of habitats available and the ease of dispersal from continental sources. Age, accidents of colonization and the range of natural habitats available must have major effects on the faunas, but present endemic faunal diversity is more a product of speciation and extinction than of immigration.

(Received 13 May 2006; accepted 7 July 2006)


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