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Journal Molluscan Studies Advance Access originally published online on September 18, 2007
Journal of Molluscan Studies 2007 73(3):241-257; doi:10.1093/mollus/eym021
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© The Author 2007. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Malacological Society of London, all rights reserved

A molecular phylogeny of Physidae (Gastropoda: Basommatophora) based on mitochondrial DNA sequences

Amy R. Wethington1, and Charles Lydeard2

1Biodiversity and Systematics, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alabama, Box 870345, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, USA; and 2 Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, 1100 Jefferson Drive, Suite 3123, MRC 705 Washington, DC 20013, USA

Correspondence: A.R. Wethington; e-mail: wethia{at}chowan.edu Biology Department, Chowan University, 1 University Place, Hassell Drive, Murfreesboro, New Carolina 27855, USA


  Abstract

The family Physidae (Pulmonata: Basommatophora) is a group of freshwater hermaphroditic snails that have a Holarctic distribution with extension into Central and South America. Despite considerable literature justifying various taxonomic schemes and groupings, no classification has been proposed using modern phylogenetic methods. In an effort to expand what is known concerning the evolutionary relationships of Physidae, we examined a portion of the mitochondrial 16S rRNA and cytochrome c oxidase subunit I genes among 66 specimens representing 28 taxa. The molecular phylogeny based on mitochondrial sequences supports the monophyly of the family Physidae. Six major clades were uncovered in the analysis, corresponding to differences in penial morphology. These six groups include the following recommended phylogenetic species and species groups: Aplexa elongata (Say), Aplexa 1 group; Physa marmorata Guilding, Aplexa 3 group; P. fontinalis (Linneaus), P. jennessi Dall and P. vernalis Taylor & Jokinen, type a group; P. gyrina Say and P. ‘ancillaria’ Say, type b group; P. acuta Draparnaud, P. spelunca Turner & Clench, P. species A and P. zionis Pilsbry, type c group; and P. pomilia Conrad and P. hendersoni Clench, type bc group.

(Received 14 August 2006; accepted 19 April 2007)


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