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Journal of Molluscan Studies 2008 74(1):63-74; doi:10.1093/mollus/eym050
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© The Author 2008. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Malacological Society of London, all rights reserved

Morphological and genetic description of Octopus insularis, a new cryptic species in the Octopus vulgaris complex (Cephalopoda: Octopodidae) from the tropical southwestern Atlantic

T. S. Leite1,, M. Haimovici1, W. Molina2 and K. Warnke3

1Oceanografia Biológica, Laboratório de Recursos Demersais e Cefalópodes, Fundação Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Caixa Postal 474, Rio Grande/RS CEP 96201-900, Brazil; 2Departamento de Bioquímica e Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Brazil; and 3 Free University of Berlin, FR Paleontology, Berlin, Germany

Correspondence: T.S. Leite; e-mail: leite_ts{at}yahoo.com.br


  Abstract

A medium-sized Octopus species is described based on material collected in shallow equatorial waters around the oceanic islands of Fernando de Noronha Archipelago, Rocas Atoll, St Peter and St Paul Archipelago and the mainland of northeastern Brazil. The new species, Octopus insularis, is described morphologically, and also characterized by the large mitochondrial subunit ribosomal RNA gene (mt 16S rDNA). The new species has relatively short and stout arms, rugose reddish brown skin in preserved specimens, 8 to 11 gill lamellae on the outer demibranchs, small ligula, characteristic symmetrical radula, spermatophore and beak, small eggs and high fecundity (213,000 oocytes under 1.5 mm diameter). The habitats and skin patterns of living animals are briefly described. The new species differs both morphologically and genetically from Octopus vulgaris in the Mediterranean, Venezuela and southern Brazil.

(Received 10 November 2006; accepted 19 October 2007)


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