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Journal Molluscan Studies Advance Access originally published online on October 15, 2008
Journal of Molluscan Studies 2008 74(4):383-401; doi:10.1093/mollus/eyn030
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© The Author 2008. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Malacological Society of London, all rights reserved

Microanatomy, shell structre and molecular phylogeny of Leptogyra, Xyleptogyra and Leptogyropsis (Gastropoda: Neomphalida: Melanodrymiidae) from sunken wood

Martin Heß1, Friederike Beck1, Heidemarie Gensler1, Yasunori Kano2, Steffen Kiel3 and Gerhard Haszprunar1,4

1BioZentrum der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Großhaderner Str. 2, D-82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany; 2Department of Biological Production and Environmental Science, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuen-kibanadai-nishi, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan; 3 Institute of Geosciences – Paleontology, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Ludewig-Meyn-Str. 10, D-24118 Kiel, Germany; and 4Zoologische Staatssammlung München, Münchhausenstr. 21, D-81247 München, Germany

Correspondence: G. Haszprunar; e-mail: haszi{at}zsm.mwn.de


  Abstract

The helicoid microgastropod genera Leptogyra, Xyleptogyra and Leptogyropsis from deep, sunken wood off New Zealand, were originally classified among the poorly defined Skeneidae (Vetigastropoda, Trochoidea) based on shell characters, external morphology and fine-structure of radulae. We investigated the microanatomy and histology of several representatives by means of serial semi-thin sectioning followed by computer-aided 3D-reconstruction, studied the shell structure, and performed phylogenetic analyses of histone (H3) and COI-sequences in order to substantiate the neomphalidan nature of these genera. The anatomical data, in particular the lack of sensory papillae, the presence of a single left kidney, left-side innervated copulatory organs, glandular gonoducts, eggs without a vitelline layer, a single pair of radular cartilages, a rectum passing beneath the heart and statocysts with a single statolith clearly exclude Leptogyra, Xyleptogyra and Leptogyropsis from the Skeneidae and from the Vetigastropoda as a whole, but strongly suggest a systematic position among the Neomphalida, where the small, helicoid genus Melanodrymia shows most similarities. This conclusion is also supported by shell structure (in particular by the presence of shell pores similar to Neomphalus), and by the molecular trees. Similar to whale falls, the sunken wood habitat might have served as an ecological bridge between the ancestral regular deep benthos and the hydrothermal vent habitat otherwise typical for Neomphalida. We argue that Neomphalida is a separate basal clade of rhipidoglossate Gastropoda.

(Received 26 March 2008; accepted 29 July 2008)


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