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Journal Molluscan Studies Advance Access originally published online on December 1, 2008
Journal of Molluscan Studies 2009 75(1):51-57; doi:10.1093/mollus/eyn038
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© The Author 2008. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Malacological Society of London, all rights reserved

Changes in gape frequency, siphon activity and thermal response in the freshwater bivalves Anodonta cygnea and Margaritifera falcata

David L. Rodland1, Bernd R. Schöne2, Sven Baier2, Zengjie Zhang2, Wolfgang Dreyer3 and Nicholas A. Page4

1Department of Geology, BSC 223, Muskingum College, 163 Stormont Street, New Concord, OH 43762, USA; 2Department of Applied and Analytical Paleontology and INCREMENTS Research Group Institute of Geosciences, University of Mainz, Johann-Joachim-Becher-Weg 21, 55128 Mainz, Germany; 3Zoological Museum, University of Kiel, Hegewischstr. 3, 24105 Kiel, Germany; and 4Raincoast Applied Ecology #102–1661, West 2nd Avenue, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6J 1H3

Correspondence: D.L. RODLAND; email: drodland{at}muskingum.edu


  Abstract

Physiologically-driven rhythms in bivalve molluscs are predicted to vary as a function of metabolic rate and temperature, in contrast to genetically predisposed biological clocks. These rhythms can be evaluated using long-term video monitoring techniques under controlled conditions in laboratory aquaria. The bivalves Anodonta cygnea and Margaritifera falcata were used to evaluate the effect of temperature on rhythms in gape and the formation of siphons at the mantle edge. Frequency and duration of shell closure vary with temperature in both species, but with different responses. Mean duration of intervals of valve closure decreases as temperature rises in both species, and is consistent with physiological limitation by increased biological oxygen demand. For A. cygnea, cumulative gape duration peaks at 25°C, with less time spent closed than at any other temperature, but increasing temperatures correspond to an increase in gape frequency with a strong increase observed at 31°C. In contrast, frequency of adduction and valve closure peak at 25°C in M. falcata, and continuous gaping is observed above 29.5°C. This physiological stress is consistent with evidence from sclerochronologically-calibrated stable isotope studies of shells, where growth breaks in many marine taxa coincide with maximum temperatures above 31°C as derived for {delta}18Ocarbonate. The results of this study suggest that these growth breaks may be due to physiological limitations in oxygen uptake and metabolic activity, rather than being a direct consequence of elevated temperature alone.

(Received 17 March 2008; accepted 3 October 2008)


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