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Journal Molluscan Studies Advance Access published online on August 5, 2005
Journal of Molluscan Studies, doi:10.1093/mollus/eyi046
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© The Author 2005. Published by Oxford University Studies on behalf of The Malacological Society of London, all rights reserved
Received September 27, 2004
Accepted March 10, 2005

Article

PHYLOGENETIC RELATIONSHIPS OF IBERUS GUALTIERANUS AND I. ALONENSIS (GASTROPODA: HELICIDAE) BASED ON PARTIAL MITOCHONDRIAL 16S rRNA AND COI GENE SEQUENCES

M.A. ELEJALDE 1*, B. MUÑOZ 2, J.R. ARRÉBOLA 3, and B.J. GÓMEZ-MOLINER 1

1 Departamento Zoología y B.C.A., Facultad Farmacia, Universidad País Vasco, c/Paseo de la Universidad, 7 Vitoria (Álava) 01006, Spain
2 Departamento Biología Animal 1, Facultad Biología, Universidad Complutense Madrid, Spain
3 Departamento Fisiología y Biología Animal, Facultad Biología, Universidad Sevilla, Spain

* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
M.A. ELEJALDE, E-mail: zobelcaa{at}vc.ehu.es


  Abstract

There is controversy about the phylogenetic relationships between Iberus gualtieranus and I. alonensis. Some authors consider them as valid species or subspecies while others believe that the flattened shell of I. gualtieranus is an ecotypic adaptation to dry karstic environments. Two fragments of the mitochondrial DNA (partial COI and 16S rRNA) were sequenced and used in maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood and neighbour-joining analyses. Iberus alonensis show two distinct lineages, one from Almería and the other one from Granada and Jaén-Córdoba regions. Iberus gualtieranus populations are recovered as a terminal node within the I. alonensis group from Almería. The I. gualtieranus clade shows a polytomy and there are no differences between the populations of the three isolated localities where I. gualtieranus is currently distributed. This indicates that the geographical isolation of these populations has not resulted in genetic diversification. The results indicate that the population of I. gualtieranus from Sierra de Gádor in Almería is the only autochthonous one, while the other two populations originated by historical introductions. On the basis of the differences in shell morphology, together with the presence of a hybrid zone connecting both taxa in nature, and the possibility of obtaining fertile hybrids under laboratory conditions, we conclude that these two taxa represent two subspecies: Iberus gualtieranus gualtieranus and I. gualtieranus alonensis.


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