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Journal Molluscan Studies Advance Access published online on November 23, 2005
Journal of Molluscan Studies, doi:10.1093/mollus/eyi051
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© The Author 2005. Published by Oxford University Studies on behalf of The Malacological Society of London, all rights reserved.
Received May 3, 2005
Accepted July 18, 2005

Article

TRANSFER EXPERIMENT SUGGESTS ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS ON THE RADULA OF LITTORARIA FLAVA (GASTROPODA: LITTORINIDAE)

S.C.S. ANDRADE 1 * and V.N. SOLFERINI 1

1 Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), C.P. 6109, CEP 13083-970, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil

* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
S.C.S. ANDRADE, E-mail: soniacsandrade{at}gmail.com


  Abstract

Phenotypic variation in radulae has been studied in several littorinid species because of this organ's intrinsic relationship with diet and, consequently, with the environment. In this work, we compared the radulae of the Brazilian species Littoraria flava found in mangroves and on rocky shores. Individuals of L. flava showed marked differences in the shape of the cusps among samples from rocky shore and mangrove. In a transfer experiment, the shape of the radula changed within 40 days. A different response was observed in individuals transferred to mangrove, where two different phenotypes were found, suggesting either intrapopulational variation in the responses to change of environmental conditions, or that some snails showed a slow reaction to the environmental changes. The alterations could be attributed to ecophenotypic plasticity. Analysis of variance showed that the length of the radula in L. flava was strongly influenced by the substrate (F6,22 = 17.13, P < 0.000), but apparently not by the transfer experiment.


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