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Journal Molluscan Studies Advance Access published online on February 23, 2006
Journal of Molluscan Studies, doi:10.1093/mollus/eyi068
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© The Author 2006. Published by Oxford University Studies on behalf of The Malacological Society of London, all rights reserved
Received June 8, 2005
Accepted November 2, 2005

Article

Laboratory observations on the early life stages of the diamond squid thysanoteuthis rhombus

Kazutaka Miyahara 1 *, Katsuya Fukui 2, Taro Ota 3, and Takashi Minami 4

1 Hyogo Tajima Fisheries Technology Institute, 1126-5 Sakae, Kasumi, Kami, Hyogo 669-6541, Japan
2 Shimane Prefectural Fisheries Experimental Station, 25-1 Setogashima, Hamada, Shimane 697-0051, Japan
3 Tottori Prefectual Fisheries Research Center, Ishiwaki, Yurihama, Tohaku, Tottori 689-0602, Japan
4 Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 1-1 Tsutsumidori, Amamiya-machi, Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi 981-8555, Japan

* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
Kazutaka Miyahara, E-mail: kazutaka_miyahara{at}pref.hyogo.jp


  Abstract

The early life stages of the diamond squid Thysanoteuthis rhombus from early embryogenesis to post-hatching (0-7 days old) were observed through laboratory incubation using egg masses collected in the southern Sea of Japan. The egg diameter and mantle length increased during embryonic development through hatching. Mantle-length growth was linear over time, and the growth rate was significantly higher at 25°C than at 20°C. The inner yolk was located on the dorsal side of the mantle cavity and increased in volume through hatching. Immediately after they hatched, the hatchlings remained on the bottom of culture plates with their ventral sides facing up, but 2-3 days after hatching they began to swim with their dorsal sides facing up. Feeding experiments were conducted, but none of the hatchlings fed. Statolith growth increments were shown to form daily. Ontogenetic changes that occur from fertilization through post-hatching are discussed.


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