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Journal Molluscan Studies Advance Access published online on April 4, 2006
Journal of Molluscan Studies, doi:10.1093/mollus/eyl002
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© The Author 2006. Published by Oxford University Studies on behalf of The Malacological Society of London, all rights reserved
Received January 7, 2005
Accepted November 4, 2005

Article

Morphological and Mitochondrial-DNA analysis of the Indo-West Pacific rock oysters (Ostreidae: Saccostrea species)

Katherine Lam 1 * and Brian Morton 2

1 The Swire Institute of Marine Science, The University of Hong Kong, Cape d'Aguilar, Shek O, Hong Kong; Hoi Ha Wan Marine Life Centre, Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
2 The Swire Institute of Marine Science, The University of Hong Kong, Cape d'Aguilar, Shek O, Hong Kong; Department of Zoology, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, United Kingdom

* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
Katherine Lam, E-mail: kkylam{at}cityu.edu.hk


  Abstract

Species of Saccostrea are common oysters on Indo-Pacific rocky shores. The taxonomy of this genus is unclear, however, because of morphological plasticity among its constituent species. Oyster samples with distinct morphotypes were collected from shores experiencing different degrees of wave exposure in Japan, Taiwan, China, Vietnam, Singapore and Australia. Intraspecific and interspecific variations in shell characters have been identified. Only S. kegaki could be readily differentiated from S. cucullata-B, S. cucullata-C and S. mordax by multivariate shell allometric analyses. Phylogenetic analyses using partial mitochondrial 16S DNA sequences of approximately 513 base pairs identified two clades that correspond to superspecies, i.e. putative S. cucullata and putative S. mordax, comprising nine and two lineages from the Indo-West Pacific, respectively. These are S. cucullata-A, B, C, D, E, F, G, S. kegaki and S. glomerata in one clade, and S. mordax-A and B in the other. Interspecific sequence divergence (Kimura-2-parameter values) between lineages ranged from 1.02% to 11.74%. Both S. cucullata-C and S. kegaki are restricted to the northern hemisphere, whereas S. glomerata seems to be a temperate species from the southern hemisphere. S. cucullata-D occurs only in Taiwan. Other species, i.e. S. cucullata-A, B, D, E and F and S. mordax-A and B, have a wide range on rocky shores in the tropical and subtropical Western Pacific and in both northern and southern hemispheres.


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